Mud fever, also known as pastern dermatitis or greasy heel, is a common skin condition in horses that affects the lower legs, particularly in wet and muddy conditions. This painful condition can lead to swelling, scabs, and even lameness if left untreated. Understanding how to treat mud fever in horses effectively is crucial to keeping your horse healthy and comfortable.
What Causes Mud Fever in Horses?
Mud fever is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to wet, muddy, or damp conditions, which creates the perfect environment for bacteria and fungi to thrive. The main culprits include:
- Bacterial Infection – Dermatophilus congolensis, the same bacteria responsible for rain rot, is often the main cause.
- Constant Moisture – Wet conditions weaken the skin barrier, allowing bacteria to enter.
- Irritation from Mud & Debris – Mud and grit can cause abrasions, making the skin more susceptible to infection.
- Weakened Immune System – Horses with weakened immune responses or sensitive skin are more prone to mud fever.
- Insect Bites & Scratches – Open wounds provide entry points for bacteria, exacerbating the condition.
Symptoms of Mud Fever
Identifying mud fever early can prevent complications. Look for these signs in your horse’s lower legs:
✅ Red, inflamed skin
✅ Crusting and scabbing around the pastern and fetlock
✅ Oozing discharge from sores
✅ Swelling and heat in the affected area
✅ Lameness or discomfort when touched
✅ Hair loss and cracked skin
If left untreated, mud fever can progress into deep infections and severe lameness, making early intervention essential.
How to Treat Mud Fever in Horses
1. Clean and Dry the Affected Area
🧼 Why It’s Important: Removing dirt and bacteria prevents further infection.
✅ Best Practices:
- Gently wash the area with warm water and an antibacterial solution (such as chlorhexidine or iodine-based washes).
- Pat the area dry with a clean towel—avoid rubbing, as this may worsen irritation.
2. Remove Crusts & Scabs Carefully
🩹 Why It’s Important: Scabs trap bacteria, prolonging infection.
✅ Best Practices:
- Soak the affected area in warm water to soften the scabs, making them easier to remove.
- Avoid forcefully picking off scabs, as this may cause bleeding and more pain.
3. Apply Antibacterial or Antifungal Creams
💊 Why It’s Important: Treats infection and speeds healing.
✅ Best Practices:
- Use veterinarian-approved creams like zinc oxide, silver sulfadiazine, or antiseptic ointments.
- Apply a thin layer after drying the skin thoroughly.
4. Keep the Area Dry and Protected
☀️ Why It’s Important: Prevents reinfection and promotes healing.
✅ Best Practices:
- Keep your horse in a dry, clean environment with minimal mud exposure.
- Use equine leg wraps or barrier creams to protect the skin from moisture.
5. Monitor for Secondary Infections
🩺 Why It’s Important: Some cases require veterinary intervention.
✅ Best Practices:
- If swelling, pus, or worsening lameness occurs, consult your veterinarian immediately.
- In severe cases, oral antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed.
Preventing Mud Fever in Horses
🌿 Provide dry, clean bedding in stalls or paddocks.
🌧️ Minimize exposure to wet, muddy conditions by rotating pastures and using dry footing in high-traffic areas.
🧴 Use protective creams and barrier sprays before turnout in wet conditions.
🧼 Regularly clean and inspect your horse’s legs to catch early signs of infection.
Final Thoughts
Mud fever is a preventable and treatable condition if managed early with proper cleaning, drying, and treatment. Keeping your horse’s legs clean and dry, along with protective measures, can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek veterinary assistance to avoid complications.
